[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":778},["ShallowReactive",2],{"content-\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fvisa-mastercard-stablecoin-settlement":3,"resources-category-visa-mastercard-stablecoin-settlement":610},{"id":4,"title":5,"authors":6,"body":7,"categories":6,"category":580,"categoryType":6,"compare":6,"contributors":6,"date":581,"description":582,"extension":583,"faq":584,"howto":6,"isBlog":600,"isChangelog":600,"meta":601,"navigation":603,"path":604,"pillar":600,"products":6,"rawbody":605,"role":6,"seo":606,"seoTitle":607,"stem":608,"thumbnail":6,"updated":6,"__hash__":609},"content\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fvisa-mastercard-stablecoin-settlement.md","Visa and Mastercard stablecoin settlement explained: what changed in 2025 and 2026",null,{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":565},"minimark",[10,14,23,29,48,53,56,59,91,99,103,106,181,184,188,191,243,246,250,253,268,277,281,284,396,400,403,412,420,424,427,453,460,464,467,470,478,482,485,493,497,504,508],[11,12,13],"p",{},"Visa and Mastercard now let banks and card programs settle with the network in stablecoins. Visa launched USDC settlement in the United States on December 16, 2025 and reported a $7 billion annualized settlement run rate on April 29, 2026. Mastercard completed its acquisition of BVNK on August 3, 2026. Cardholders and merchants see almost no difference.",[11,15,16,17,22],{},"That last point gets lost in the coverage. Network stablecoin settlement is a back-office change. It moves the money that issuers and acquirers owe each other, not the money that reaches a merchant's bank or a recipient's account. This guide explains what each network has done, with dates and sources, and what it means for businesses that move money across borders. For how stablecoin cards themselves work, start with ",[18,19,21],"a",{"href":20},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-stablecoin-card-issuing","what stablecoin card issuing is",".",[11,24,25],{},[26,27,28],"strong",{},"Key takeaways",[30,31,32,36,39,42,45],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"Visa launched USDC settlement in the US on December 16, 2025, with Cross River Bank and Lead Bank settling over Solana.",[33,37,38],{},"Visa's settlement pilot reached a $7 billion annualized run rate across nine blockchains by April 29, 2026. That is settlement, not card spend.",[33,40,41],{},"Stablecoin-linked Visa cards processed about $5.2 billion in 2025, roughly 0.04% of Visa's $14.2 trillion volume.",[33,43,44],{},"Mastercard completed its acquisition of BVNK on August 3, 2026, and INFINIOS became the first issuer in Bahrain to settle with Mastercard in stablecoins.",[33,46,47],{},"Network settlement does not pay a supplier, an employee, or a family member. Those payments still run over local bank rails.",[49,50,52],"h2",{"id":51},"what-is-card-network-settlement","What is card network settlement?",[11,54,55],{},"Card network settlement is the step where issuers and acquirers pay each other for the day's card transactions, with the network in the middle. It happens after the purchase is approved and cleared, usually the next business day.",[11,57,58],{},"A few definitions help:",[30,60,61,67,73,79,85],{},[33,62,63,66],{},[26,64,65],{},"Issuer:"," the bank or licensed institution behind the cardholder's card.",[33,68,69,72],{},[26,70,71],{},"Acquirer:"," the bank or processor that serves the merchant and pays it.",[33,74,75,78],{},[26,76,77],{},"Clearing:"," the step where the merchant submits final transaction amounts.",[33,80,81,84],{},[26,82,83],{},"Settlement:"," the movement of funds between issuers, the network, and acquirers to cover cleared transactions.",[33,86,87,90],{},[26,88,89],{},"Settlement run rate:"," a recent period's settlement volume projected to a full year. It describes pace, not a completed annual total.",[11,92,93,94,98],{},"In a traditional card program, settlement moves in fiat over banking rails. A stablecoin card program first converts the cardholder's stablecoins to fiat, then settles like any other program. ",[18,95,97],{"href":96},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-stablecoin-card-transactions-settle","How stablecoin card transactions settle"," walks through each step with worked examples.",[49,100,102],{"id":101},"what-are-the-two-settlement-models-for-stablecoin-cards","What are the two settlement models for stablecoin cards?",[11,104,105],{},"There are two. In the traditional model, the card program converts stablecoins to fiat and settles with the network in fiat. In the newer model, the issuer settles with the network directly in a stablecoin.",[107,108,109,124],"table",{},[110,111,112],"thead",{},[113,114,115,118,121],"tr",{},[116,117],"th",{},[116,119,120],{},"Traditional model",[116,122,123],{},"Stablecoin settlement model",[125,126,127,139,150,161,171],"tbody",{},[113,128,129,133,136],{},[130,131,132],"td",{},"What the issuer pays the network in",[130,134,135],{},"Fiat, over banking rails",[130,137,138],{},"A stablecoin such as USDC",[113,140,141,144,147],{},[130,142,143],{},"Who converts stablecoins",[130,145,146],{},"The card program, before settlement",[130,148,149],{},"Handled closer to the network side",[113,151,152,155,158],{},[130,153,154],{},"Typical timing",[130,156,157],{},"Next business day",[130,159,160],{},"Set by the network's settlement program",[113,162,163,166,169],{},[130,164,165],{},"What the merchant receives",[130,167,168],{},"Local currency",[130,170,168],{},[113,172,173,176,179],{},[130,174,175],{},"What the cardholder sees",[130,177,178],{},"A normal card purchase",[130,180,178],{},[11,182,183],{},"The merchant row is the same in both. Merchants are paid in local currency on their normal schedule and never touch the stablecoin.",[49,185,187],{"id":186},"what-has-visa-announced-and-when","What has Visa announced, and when?",[11,189,190],{},"Visa has moved in four public steps since April 2025. Each one is dated and sourced below.",[192,193,194,207,219,231],"ol",{},[33,195,196,199,200,206],{},[26,197,198],{},"April 30, 2025."," Visa and Bridge ",[18,201,205],{"href":202,"rel":203},"https:\u002F\u002Fusa.visa.com\u002Fabout-visa\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases.releaseId.21371.html",[204],"nofollow","announced a partnership"," to issue stablecoin-linked cards, starting with Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Chile.",[33,208,209,212,213,218],{},[26,210,211],{},"December 16, 2025."," Visa ",[18,214,217],{"href":215,"rel":216},"https:\u002F\u002Fusa.visa.com\u002Fabout-visa\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases.releaseId.21951.html",[204],"launched stablecoin settlement in the United States",". Initial banking participants Cross River Bank and Lead Bank began settling with Visa in USDC over Solana. Visa reported a $3.5 billion annualized run rate as of November 30, 2025, and said broader US availability was planned through 2026.",[33,220,221,224,225,230],{},[26,222,223],{},"March 31, 2026."," Visa's ",[18,226,229],{"href":227,"rel":228},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.visa.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fthought-leadership\u002Finnovation\u002Fstablecoin-linked-cards-monetize-money-movement",[204],"stablecoin-linked cards page"," reported about $5.2 billion of stablecoin-linked card volume in 2025, up 319% year over year, across more than 130 programs in more than 50 countries. Visa expects the number of programs to roughly double in 2026.",[33,232,233,236,237,242],{},[26,234,235],{},"April 29, 2026."," Visa said its settlement pilot ",[18,238,241],{"href":239,"rel":240},"https:\u002F\u002Fcorporate.visa.com\u002Fen\u002Fsites\u002Fvisa-perspectives\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fvisa-expands-stablecoin-settlement-adds-five-blockchains.html",[204],"added five blockchains",", now supports nine, and reached a $7 billion annualized stablecoin settlement run rate, up 50% since the prior quarter.",[11,244,245],{},"The run rate doubled from $3.5 billion to $7 billion between November 2025 and April 2026. That is growth in settlement flows, not in purchases.",[49,247,249],{"id":248},"what-has-mastercard-done","What has Mastercard done?",[11,251,252],{},"Mastercard's biggest move was buying a stablecoin infrastructure company. It also has issuers settling with it in stablecoins.",[11,254,255,256,261,262,267],{},"Mastercard announced its acquisition of BVNK on March 17, 2026, reported by ",[18,257,260],{"href":258,"rel":259},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theblock.co\u002Fpost\u002F393898\u002Fmastercard-to-acquire-stablecoin-infrastructure-firm-bvnk-for-up-to-1-8-billion",[204],"The Block"," at up to $1.8 billion, including up to $300 million contingent. Mastercard ",[18,263,266],{"href":264,"rel":265},"https:\u002F\u002Finvestor.mastercard.com\u002Finvestor-news\u002Finvestor-news-details\u002F2026\u002FMastercard-completes-acquisition-of-BVNK-to-advance-global-stablecoin-capabilities\u002Fdefault.aspx",[204],"said it completed the acquisition"," on August 3, 2026. BVNK describes itself as enterprise stablecoin payments infrastructure, with products that include linking virtual cards to stablecoin balances.",[11,269,270,271,276],{},"The same day, Mastercard announced that ",[18,272,275],{"href":273,"rel":274},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mastercard.com\u002Fnews\u002Feemea\u002Fen\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fen\u002F2026\u002Faugust\u002Finfinios-goes-live-with-mastercard-on-stablecoin-settlement-marking-a-first-for-issuers-in-the-kingdom-of-bahrain",[204],"INFINIOS went live"," on stablecoin settlement. The company described itself as the first issuer in Bahrain to enable Mastercard settlement using stablecoins.",[49,278,280],{"id":279},"how-do-the-visa-and-mastercard-moves-compare","How do the Visa and Mastercard moves compare?",[11,282,283],{},"Visa has published settlement volume and named US bank participants. Mastercard has bought a stablecoin platform and named an issuer settling in stablecoins. Both still pay merchants in local currency.",[107,285,286,302],{},[110,287,288],{},[113,289,290,293,296,299],{},[116,291,292],{},"Date",[116,294,295],{},"Network",[116,297,298],{},"Move",[116,300,301],{},"What it measures or changes",[125,303,304,318,331,345,358,371,384],{},[113,305,306,309,312,315],{},[130,307,308],{},"April 30, 2025",[130,310,311],{},"Visa",[130,313,314],{},"Bridge card partnership in Latin America",[130,316,317],{},"Card issuing, six launch countries",[113,319,320,323,325,328],{},[130,321,322],{},"December 16, 2025",[130,324,311],{},[130,326,327],{},"US USDC settlement launch",[130,329,330],{},"Issuers settle with Visa in USDC over Solana",[113,332,333,336,339,342],{},[130,334,335],{},"March 17, 2026",[130,337,338],{},"Mastercard",[130,340,341],{},"BVNK acquisition announced",[130,343,344],{},"Up to $1.8 billion, per reports",[113,346,347,350,352,355],{},[130,348,349],{},"March 31, 2026",[130,351,311],{},[130,353,354],{},"2025 card volume published",[130,356,357],{},"About $5.2 billion of card spend",[113,359,360,363,365,368],{},[130,361,362],{},"April 29, 2026",[130,364,311],{},[130,366,367],{},"Settlement pilot expanded",[130,369,370],{},"Nine blockchains, $7 billion run rate",[113,372,373,376,378,381],{},[130,374,375],{},"August 3, 2026",[130,377,338],{},[130,379,380],{},"BVNK acquisition completed",[130,382,383],{},"Stablecoin infrastructure inside Mastercard",[113,385,386,388,390,393],{},[130,387,375],{},[130,389,338],{},[130,391,392],{},"INFINIOS live in Bahrain",[130,394,395],{},"Issuer settles with Mastercard in stablecoins",[49,397,399],{"id":398},"why-is-7-billion-in-settlement-not-the-same-as-card-spend","Why is $7 billion in settlement not the same as card spend?",[11,401,402],{},"The two numbers measure different flows. Card spend counts purchases made with stablecoin-linked cards. Settlement counts money that banks and programs move to the network to cover obligations. Adding them double counts and mixes periods.",[11,404,405,406,411],{},"Visa's $5.2 billion figure covers stablecoin-linked card purchases for all of 2025. The $7 billion figure is an annualized settlement pace measured in April 2026. A third type of number comes from onchain trackers. ",[18,407,410],{"href":408,"rel":409},"https:\u002F\u002Fpaymentscan.xyz",[204],"Paymentscan"," showed about $1.224 billion of card program activity in September 2026, but its default view mixes spends, settlements, clearing, and top-ups, and some offchain data is self-reported by the programs.",[11,413,414,415,419],{},"Keep each figure with its source, date, and what it measures. ",[18,416,418],{"href":417},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-payments-statistics-2026","Stablecoin payment statistics 2026"," applies the same rule to wider payment data.",[49,421,423],{"id":422},"what-changes-for-cardholders-issuers-and-merchants","What changes for cardholders, issuers, and merchants?",[11,425,426],{},"Most of the change sits with issuers and their banks. Cardholders and merchants see the same experience.",[30,428,429,435,441,447],{},[33,430,431,434],{},[26,432,433],{},"Cardholders."," Purchases authorize, clear, and post as before. Fees and exchange rates are still set by the program, not by the settlement method.",[33,436,437,440],{},[26,438,439],{},"Issuers and program managers."," A program holding stablecoin reserves can settle with the network without first converting to dollars through a bank. That can shorten the funding chain and reduce conversions.",[33,442,443,446],{},[26,444,445],{},"Acquirers and merchants."," Merchants are paid in local currency on their normal schedule.",[33,448,449,452],{},[26,450,451],{},"Banks."," Participating banks need stablecoin custody, wallet operations, and controls for the chains the network supports.",[11,454,455,459],{},[18,456,458],{"href":457},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fonchain-settlement-vs-bank-settlement","Onchain settlement vs bank settlement"," compares the finality and timing of each model.",[49,461,463],{"id":462},"what-does-it-mean-for-businesses-that-move-money-across-borders","What does it mean for businesses that move money across borders?",[11,465,466],{},"Network settlement makes stablecoins part of card plumbing. It does not move money to a bank account in another country. Paying a supplier in Mexico, an employee in Brazil, or a vendor in Germany still needs a local rail at the end.",[11,468,469],{},"That gap grows as more programs launch. Visa expects its stablecoin-linked card programs to roughly double in 2026, and every program has users who want to move part of their balance to a bank account. Businesses paying teams and suppliers abroad face the same last step. A card covers purchases. Rent, payroll, and invoices need Pix, SPEI, ACH, SEPA, or SWIFT.",[11,471,472,473,477],{},"If you are choosing partners for a card program, ",[18,474,476],{"href":475},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-to-choose-a-stablecoin-card-issuing-provider","how to choose a stablecoin card issuing provider"," includes the settlement model in its evaluation criteria.",[49,479,481],{"id":480},"where-does-blindpay-fit","Where does BlindPay fit?",[11,483,484],{},"BlindPay handles the leg that network settlement leaves out: turning USDC or USDT into local currency in a bank account. It sits beside a card issuer, not inside the network.",[11,486,487,488,492],{},"BlindPay pays out over Pix, SPEI, ACH, RTP, SEPA, and SWIFT (POBO\u002FCOBO) with UETR tracking and MT103 confirmations, with KYC, KYB, and sanctions screening in the same API flow. A ",[18,489,491],{"href":490},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fpayout-quotes","payout quote"," locks the rate and fees before the stablecoins move, and no pre-funding is required. Plans are published with no volume floor.",[49,494,496],{"id":495},"what-should-you-do-next","What should you do next?",[11,498,499,500,22],{},"If you run or plan a card program, map which leg each partner owns: issuing, network settlement, and cash-out to bank accounts. Then test the cash-out leg on a free development instance with the ",[18,501,503],{"href":502},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fquickstart-payout","payout quickstart",[49,505,507],{"id":506},"sources","Sources",[30,509,510,517,524,531,537,544,551,558],{},[33,511,512,513],{},"Visa, \"How stablecoin-linked cards are modernizing money movement,\" last updated March 31, 2026: ",[18,514,516],{"href":227,"rel":515},[204],"visa.com",[33,518,519,520],{},"Visa, \"Visa Launches Stablecoin Settlement in the United States,\" December 16, 2025: ",[18,521,523],{"href":215,"rel":522},[204],"usa.visa.com",[33,525,526,527],{},"Visa, \"Visa Accelerates Stablecoin Momentum: Adding Five Blockchains for Settlement,\" April 29, 2026: ",[18,528,530],{"href":239,"rel":529},[204],"corporate.visa.com",[33,532,533,534],{},"Visa and Bridge partnership, April 30, 2025: ",[18,535,523],{"href":202,"rel":536},[204],[33,538,539,540],{},"Mastercard, completion of the BVNK acquisition, August 3, 2026: ",[18,541,543],{"href":264,"rel":542},[204],"investor.mastercard.com",[33,545,546,547],{},"The Block, Mastercard to acquire BVNK for up to $1.8 billion, March 2026: ",[18,548,550],{"href":258,"rel":549},[204],"theblock.co",[33,552,553,554],{},"Mastercard, INFINIOS goes live on stablecoin settlement, August 2026: ",[18,555,557],{"href":273,"rel":556},[204],"mastercard.com",[33,559,560,561],{},"Paymentscan, card program activity tracker: ",[18,562,564],{"href":408,"rel":563},[204],"paymentscan.xyz",{"title":566,"searchDepth":567,"depth":567,"links":568},"",2,[569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579],{"id":51,"depth":567,"text":52},{"id":101,"depth":567,"text":102},{"id":186,"depth":567,"text":187},{"id":248,"depth":567,"text":249},{"id":279,"depth":567,"text":280},{"id":398,"depth":567,"text":399},{"id":422,"depth":567,"text":423},{"id":462,"depth":567,"text":463},{"id":480,"depth":567,"text":481},{"id":495,"depth":567,"text":496},{"id":506,"depth":567,"text":507},"stablecoins","2026-10-07","How Visa's USDC settlement and $7B run rate, Mastercard's BVNK deal, and INFINIOS in Bahrain change card settlement, and what stays the same for payouts.","md",[585,588,591,594,597],{"q":586,"a":587},"What is Visa stablecoin settlement?","Visa stablecoin settlement lets issuers and acquirers settle what they owe Visa in a stablecoin such as USDC instead of dollars over bank rails. Visa launched it in the United States on December 16, 2025, with Cross River Bank and Lead Bank settling in USDC over the Solana blockchain.",{"q":589,"a":590},"How big is Visa's stablecoin settlement?","Visa said on April 29, 2026 that its stablecoin settlement pilot supports nine blockchains and reached a $7 billion annualized run rate, up 50% since the previous quarter. That figure measures settlement between Visa and its partners. It is not card spending and should never be added to card volume.",{"q":592,"a":593},"Did Mastercard buy BVNK?","Yes. Mastercard announced the acquisition of BVNK, a stablecoin payments infrastructure company, on March 17, 2026, reported at up to $1.8 billion including up to $300 million contingent. Mastercard said it completed the acquisition on August 3, 2026.",{"q":595,"a":596},"Does stablecoin settlement change anything for cardholders?","Very little that a cardholder can see. Authorization, clearing, and merchant payout look the same. Settlement is the back-office leg where issuers and acquirers pay each other through the network, so the change mostly affects treasury, funding times, and liquidity for the banks and programs involved.",{"q":598,"a":599},"Is $7 billion in stablecoin settlement the same as stablecoin card spending?","No. Visa reported about $5.2 billion of stablecoin-linked card volume for all of 2025, which measures purchases on cards. The $7 billion annualized run rate measures settlement flows between Visa and its partners. They are different measures from different dates and cannot be added together.",false,{"author":602},"BlindPay Team",true,"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fvisa-mastercard-stablecoin-settlement","---\ntitle: \"Visa and Mastercard stablecoin settlement explained: what changed in 2025 and 2026\"\nseoTitle: \"Visa and Mastercard stablecoin settlement explained\"\ndescription: \"How Visa's USDC settlement and $7B run rate, Mastercard's BVNK deal, and INFINIOS in Bahrain change card settlement, and what stays the same for payouts.\"\ndate: \"2026-10-07\"\ncategory: \"stablecoins\"\nauthor: \"BlindPay Team\"\nfaq:\n  - q: \"What is Visa stablecoin settlement?\"\n    a: \"Visa stablecoin settlement lets issuers and acquirers settle what they owe Visa in a stablecoin such as USDC instead of dollars over bank rails. Visa launched it in the United States on December 16, 2025, with Cross River Bank and Lead Bank settling in USDC over the Solana blockchain.\"\n  - q: \"How big is Visa's stablecoin settlement?\"\n    a: \"Visa said on April 29, 2026 that its stablecoin settlement pilot supports nine blockchains and reached a $7 billion annualized run rate, up 50% since the previous quarter. That figure measures settlement between Visa and its partners. It is not card spending and should never be added to card volume.\"\n  - q: \"Did Mastercard buy BVNK?\"\n    a: \"Yes. Mastercard announced the acquisition of BVNK, a stablecoin payments infrastructure company, on March 17, 2026, reported at up to $1.8 billion including up to $300 million contingent. Mastercard said it completed the acquisition on August 3, 2026.\"\n  - q: \"Does stablecoin settlement change anything for cardholders?\"\n    a: \"Very little that a cardholder can see. Authorization, clearing, and merchant payout look the same. Settlement is the back-office leg where issuers and acquirers pay each other through the network, so the change mostly affects treasury, funding times, and liquidity for the banks and programs involved.\"\n  - q: \"Is $7 billion in stablecoin settlement the same as stablecoin card spending?\"\n    a: \"No. Visa reported about $5.2 billion of stablecoin-linked card volume for all of 2025, which measures purchases on cards. The $7 billion annualized run rate measures settlement flows between Visa and its partners. They are different measures from different dates and cannot be added together.\"\n---\n\nVisa and Mastercard now let banks and card programs settle with the network in stablecoins. Visa launched USDC settlement in the United States on December 16, 2025 and reported a $7 billion annualized settlement run rate on April 29, 2026. Mastercard completed its acquisition of BVNK on August 3, 2026. Cardholders and merchants see almost no difference.\n\nThat last point gets lost in the coverage. Network stablecoin settlement is a back-office change. It moves the money that issuers and acquirers owe each other, not the money that reaches a merchant's bank or a recipient's account. This guide explains what each network has done, with dates and sources, and what it means for businesses that move money across borders. For how stablecoin cards themselves work, start with [what stablecoin card issuing is](\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-stablecoin-card-issuing).\n\n**Key takeaways**\n\n- Visa launched USDC settlement in the US on December 16, 2025, with Cross River Bank and Lead Bank settling over Solana.\n- Visa's settlement pilot reached a $7 billion annualized run rate across nine blockchains by April 29, 2026. That is settlement, not card spend.\n- Stablecoin-linked Visa cards processed about $5.2 billion in 2025, roughly 0.04% of Visa's $14.2 trillion volume.\n- Mastercard completed its acquisition of BVNK on August 3, 2026, and INFINIOS became the first issuer in Bahrain to settle with Mastercard in stablecoins.\n- Network settlement does not pay a supplier, an employee, or a family member. Those payments still run over local bank rails.\n\n## What is card network settlement?\n\nCard network settlement is the step where issuers and acquirers pay each other for the day's card transactions, with the network in the middle. It happens after the purchase is approved and cleared, usually the next business day.\n\nA few definitions help:\n\n- **Issuer:** the bank or licensed institution behind the cardholder's card.\n- **Acquirer:** the bank or processor that serves the merchant and pays it.\n- **Clearing:** the step where the merchant submits final transaction amounts.\n- **Settlement:** the movement of funds between issuers, the network, and acquirers to cover cleared transactions.\n- **Settlement run rate:** a recent period's settlement volume projected to a full year. It describes pace, not a completed annual total.\n\nIn a traditional card program, settlement moves in fiat over banking rails. A stablecoin card program first converts the cardholder's stablecoins to fiat, then settles like any other program. [How stablecoin card transactions settle](\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-stablecoin-card-transactions-settle) walks through each step with worked examples.\n\n## What are the two settlement models for stablecoin cards?\n\nThere are two. In the traditional model, the card program converts stablecoins to fiat and settles with the network in fiat. In the newer model, the issuer settles with the network directly in a stablecoin.\n\n| | Traditional model | Stablecoin settlement model |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| What the issuer pays the network in | Fiat, over banking rails | A stablecoin such as USDC |\n| Who converts stablecoins | The card program, before settlement | Handled closer to the network side |\n| Typical timing | Next business day | Set by the network's settlement program |\n| What the merchant receives | Local currency | Local currency |\n| What the cardholder sees | A normal card purchase | A normal card purchase |\n\nThe merchant row is the same in both. Merchants are paid in local currency on their normal schedule and never touch the stablecoin.\n\n## What has Visa announced, and when?\n\nVisa has moved in four public steps since April 2025. Each one is dated and sourced below.\n\n1. **April 30, 2025.** Visa and Bridge [announced a partnership](https:\u002F\u002Fusa.visa.com\u002Fabout-visa\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases.releaseId.21371.html) to issue stablecoin-linked cards, starting with Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Chile.\n2. **December 16, 2025.** Visa [launched stablecoin settlement in the United States](https:\u002F\u002Fusa.visa.com\u002Fabout-visa\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases.releaseId.21951.html). Initial banking participants Cross River Bank and Lead Bank began settling with Visa in USDC over Solana. Visa reported a $3.5 billion annualized run rate as of November 30, 2025, and said broader US availability was planned through 2026.\n3. **March 31, 2026.** Visa's [stablecoin-linked cards page](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.visa.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fthought-leadership\u002Finnovation\u002Fstablecoin-linked-cards-monetize-money-movement) reported about $5.2 billion of stablecoin-linked card volume in 2025, up 319% year over year, across more than 130 programs in more than 50 countries. Visa expects the number of programs to roughly double in 2026.\n4. **April 29, 2026.** Visa said its settlement pilot [added five blockchains](https:\u002F\u002Fcorporate.visa.com\u002Fen\u002Fsites\u002Fvisa-perspectives\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fvisa-expands-stablecoin-settlement-adds-five-blockchains.html), now supports nine, and reached a $7 billion annualized stablecoin settlement run rate, up 50% since the prior quarter.\n\nThe run rate doubled from $3.5 billion to $7 billion between November 2025 and April 2026. That is growth in settlement flows, not in purchases.\n\n## What has Mastercard done?\n\nMastercard's biggest move was buying a stablecoin infrastructure company. It also has issuers settling with it in stablecoins.\n\nMastercard announced its acquisition of BVNK on March 17, 2026, reported by [The Block](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theblock.co\u002Fpost\u002F393898\u002Fmastercard-to-acquire-stablecoin-infrastructure-firm-bvnk-for-up-to-1-8-billion) at up to $1.8 billion, including up to $300 million contingent. Mastercard [said it completed the acquisition](https:\u002F\u002Finvestor.mastercard.com\u002Finvestor-news\u002Finvestor-news-details\u002F2026\u002FMastercard-completes-acquisition-of-BVNK-to-advance-global-stablecoin-capabilities\u002Fdefault.aspx) on August 3, 2026. BVNK describes itself as enterprise stablecoin payments infrastructure, with products that include linking virtual cards to stablecoin balances.\n\nThe same day, Mastercard announced that [INFINIOS went live](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mastercard.com\u002Fnews\u002Feemea\u002Fen\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fen\u002F2026\u002Faugust\u002Finfinios-goes-live-with-mastercard-on-stablecoin-settlement-marking-a-first-for-issuers-in-the-kingdom-of-bahrain) on stablecoin settlement. The company described itself as the first issuer in Bahrain to enable Mastercard settlement using stablecoins.\n\n## How do the Visa and Mastercard moves compare?\n\nVisa has published settlement volume and named US bank participants. Mastercard has bought a stablecoin platform and named an issuer settling in stablecoins. Both still pay merchants in local currency.\n\n| Date | Network | Move | What it measures or changes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| April 30, 2025 | Visa | Bridge card partnership in Latin America | Card issuing, six launch countries |\n| December 16, 2025 | Visa | US USDC settlement launch | Issuers settle with Visa in USDC over Solana |\n| March 17, 2026 | Mastercard | BVNK acquisition announced | Up to $1.8 billion, per reports |\n| March 31, 2026 | Visa | 2025 card volume published | About $5.2 billion of card spend |\n| April 29, 2026 | Visa | Settlement pilot expanded | Nine blockchains, $7 billion run rate |\n| August 3, 2026 | Mastercard | BVNK acquisition completed | Stablecoin infrastructure inside Mastercard |\n| August 3, 2026 | Mastercard | INFINIOS live in Bahrain | Issuer settles with Mastercard in stablecoins |\n\n## Why is $7 billion in settlement not the same as card spend?\n\nThe two numbers measure different flows. Card spend counts purchases made with stablecoin-linked cards. Settlement counts money that banks and programs move to the network to cover obligations. Adding them double counts and mixes periods.\n\nVisa's $5.2 billion figure covers stablecoin-linked card purchases for all of 2025. The $7 billion figure is an annualized settlement pace measured in April 2026. A third type of number comes from onchain trackers. [Paymentscan](https:\u002F\u002Fpaymentscan.xyz) showed about $1.224 billion of card program activity in September 2026, but its default view mixes spends, settlements, clearing, and top-ups, and some offchain data is self-reported by the programs.\n\nKeep each figure with its source, date, and what it measures. [Stablecoin payment statistics 2026](\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-payments-statistics-2026) applies the same rule to wider payment data.\n\n## What changes for cardholders, issuers, and merchants?\n\nMost of the change sits with issuers and their banks. Cardholders and merchants see the same experience.\n\n- **Cardholders.** Purchases authorize, clear, and post as before. Fees and exchange rates are still set by the program, not by the settlement method.\n- **Issuers and program managers.** A program holding stablecoin reserves can settle with the network without first converting to dollars through a bank. That can shorten the funding chain and reduce conversions.\n- **Acquirers and merchants.** Merchants are paid in local currency on their normal schedule.\n- **Banks.** Participating banks need stablecoin custody, wallet operations, and controls for the chains the network supports.\n\n[Onchain settlement vs bank settlement](\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fonchain-settlement-vs-bank-settlement) compares the finality and timing of each model.\n\n## What does it mean for businesses that move money across borders?\n\nNetwork settlement makes stablecoins part of card plumbing. It does not move money to a bank account in another country. Paying a supplier in Mexico, an employee in Brazil, or a vendor in Germany still needs a local rail at the end.\n\nThat gap grows as more programs launch. Visa expects its stablecoin-linked card programs to roughly double in 2026, and every program has users who want to move part of their balance to a bank account. Businesses paying teams and suppliers abroad face the same last step. A card covers purchases. Rent, payroll, and invoices need Pix, SPEI, ACH, SEPA, or SWIFT.\n\nIf you are choosing partners for a card program, [how to choose a stablecoin card issuing provider](\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-to-choose-a-stablecoin-card-issuing-provider) includes the settlement model in its evaluation criteria.\n\n## Where does BlindPay fit?\n\nBlindPay handles the leg that network settlement leaves out: turning USDC or USDT into local currency in a bank account. It sits beside a card issuer, not inside the network.\n\nBlindPay pays out over Pix, SPEI, ACH, RTP, SEPA, and SWIFT (POBO\u002FCOBO) with UETR tracking and MT103 confirmations, with KYC, KYB, and sanctions screening in the same API flow. A [payout quote](\u002Fdocs\u002Fpayout-quotes) locks the rate and fees before the stablecoins move, and no pre-funding is required. Plans are published with no volume floor.\n\n## What should you do next?\n\nIf you run or plan a card program, map which leg each partner owns: issuing, network settlement, and cash-out to bank accounts. Then test the cash-out leg on a free development instance with the [payout quickstart](\u002Fdocs\u002Fquickstart-payout).\n\n## Sources\n\n- Visa, \"How stablecoin-linked cards are modernizing money movement,\" last updated March 31, 2026: [visa.com](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.visa.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fthought-leadership\u002Finnovation\u002Fstablecoin-linked-cards-monetize-money-movement)\n- Visa, \"Visa Launches Stablecoin Settlement in the United States,\" December 16, 2025: [usa.visa.com](https:\u002F\u002Fusa.visa.com\u002Fabout-visa\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases.releaseId.21951.html)\n- Visa, \"Visa Accelerates Stablecoin Momentum: Adding Five Blockchains for Settlement,\" April 29, 2026: [corporate.visa.com](https:\u002F\u002Fcorporate.visa.com\u002Fen\u002Fsites\u002Fvisa-perspectives\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fvisa-expands-stablecoin-settlement-adds-five-blockchains.html)\n- Visa and Bridge partnership, April 30, 2025: [usa.visa.com](https:\u002F\u002Fusa.visa.com\u002Fabout-visa\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases.releaseId.21371.html)\n- Mastercard, completion of the BVNK acquisition, August 3, 2026: [investor.mastercard.com](https:\u002F\u002Finvestor.mastercard.com\u002Finvestor-news\u002Finvestor-news-details\u002F2026\u002FMastercard-completes-acquisition-of-BVNK-to-advance-global-stablecoin-capabilities\u002Fdefault.aspx)\n- The Block, Mastercard to acquire BVNK for up to $1.8 billion, March 2026: [theblock.co](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theblock.co\u002Fpost\u002F393898\u002Fmastercard-to-acquire-stablecoin-infrastructure-firm-bvnk-for-up-to-1-8-billion)\n- Mastercard, INFINIOS goes live on stablecoin settlement, August 2026: [mastercard.com](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mastercard.com\u002Fnews\u002Feemea\u002Fen\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fen\u002F2026\u002Faugust\u002Finfinios-goes-live-with-mastercard-on-stablecoin-settlement-marking-a-first-for-issuers-in-the-kingdom-of-bahrain)\n- Paymentscan, card program activity tracker: [paymentscan.xyz](https:\u002F\u002Fpaymentscan.xyz)\n",{"title":5,"description":582},"Visa and Mastercard stablecoin settlement explained","resources\u002Fmore\u002Fvisa-mastercard-stablecoin-settlement","ULrNlGqpvCm3sNarIeTI7fUswPTBHh1zTf4q9a8t9Nc",[611,615,619,623,627,631,635,639,643,647,651,655,659,663,667,671,675,679,683,687,691,695,699,703,706,710,714,718,722,723,727,731,735,739,743,747,751,755,759,762,766,770,774],{"path":612,"title":613,"description":614},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fare-stablecoin-cards-safe","Are stablecoin cards safe? Peg, issuer, custody, and smart contract risks","The five risks of a stablecoin card: peg, program failure, custody, smart contracts, and fraud, with the August 2026 incident and a safety checklist.",{"path":616,"title":617,"description":618},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fare-stablecoin-payments-safe","Are stablecoin payments safe? The risks businesses should check, and how to reduce them","Stablecoin payments are as safe as the issuer, the network, the provider, and your own controls. The seven risks to check, with real incidents and fixes.",{"path":620,"title":621,"description":622},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fbest-stablecoin-apis-cross-border-payments-2026","Best stablecoin APIs for cross-border payments in 2026: BlindPay, Circle, Stripe, Bridge, and Fireblocks compared","Five stablecoin APIs compared for cross-border payments: primary use case, pre-funding requirement, payout regions, and developer experience, plus how to choose by buyer scenario.",{"path":624,"title":625,"description":626},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fbest-stablecoin-apis-2026","Best stablecoin APIs in 2026: 10 providers compared","Ten stablecoin APIs compared for 2026: BlindPay, Circle, Bridge, BVNK, Fireblocks, Crossmint, Zero Hash, Conduit, Sphere, and Borderless, across rails, custody, pricing, and compliance.",{"path":628,"title":629,"description":630},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fbest-virtual-account-providers-stablecoins","Best virtual account providers for stablecoins in 2026: BlindPay, Bridge, HIFI, Noah, and Conduit compared","Five virtual account providers for fiat and stablecoins compared on deposit rails, settlement chains, account naming, and custody, plus a 30-day test plan.",{"path":632,"title":633,"description":634},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fbusiness-vs-consumer-crypto-on-ramps","Business vs consumer crypto on-ramps: what changes when a company buys stablecoins","A consumer on-ramp sells crypto to one person, usually by card. A business on-ramp turns company bank deposits into stablecoins via an API. What differs.",{"path":636,"title":637,"description":638},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fcrypto-debit-card-vs-stablecoin-card-for-business","Crypto debit card vs. stablecoin card for business: custody, accounting, tax, and controls compared","Why a company should treat crypto debit cards and stablecoin cards differently: budget predictability, custody risk, per-swipe tax events, accounting, and spend controls.",{"path":640,"title":641,"description":642},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fcustodial-vs-self-custodial-stablecoin-cards","Custodial vs. self-custodial stablecoin cards: who actually holds your money?","Who holds the stablecoins behind your card: custodial vs. self-custodial models, smart-account allowances, failure modes, and what August 2026 showed.",{"path":644,"title":645,"description":646},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fdo-you-need-a-crypto-wallet-for-stablecoin-payments","Do you need a crypto wallet to make stablecoin payments?","Who needs a wallet in a stablecoin payment, who doesn't, and how payment providers hide keys, networks, gas, and confirmations from payers and recipients.",{"path":648,"title":649,"description":650},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-merchants-accept-stablecoin-payments","How merchants accept stablecoin payments: the complete 2026 guide","To accept stablecoin payments you need a receiving method, an off-ramp to local currency, and a settlement account. The full flow, costs, and options.",{"path":652,"title":653,"description":654},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-payment-orchestration-cross-border-payouts","How stablecoins fit into payment orchestration for cross-border payouts","Stablecoins are a settlement rail inside an orchestration strategy, not a replacement for banking. What changes: pre-funding, settlement time, FX visibility, and last-mile delivery over Pix and SPEI.",{"path":656,"title":657,"description":658},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Faccept-bank-transfers-settle-in-stablecoins","How to accept bank transfers and settle in stablecoins using virtual accounts","Accept ACH, wire, and SWIFT and settle in USDC or USDT: the flow, the token, chain, and custody choices, and when a virtual account beats a memo code.",{"path":660,"title":661,"description":662},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-to-choose-a-blockchain-payment-api","How to choose a blockchain payment API: a technical buyer's checklist","Seven checks for a blockchain payment API: SDKs, OpenAPI quality, abstraction level, networks, built-in compliance, local payout rails, and pricing.",{"path":664,"title":665,"description":666},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-to-choose-a-stablecoin-api","How to choose a stablecoin API: the 6 questions that actually matter","Six criteria for evaluating a stablecoin API: pre-funding, compliance automation, local payout rails, settlement speed, developer experience, and pricing transparency, with a scorecard you can send to every vendor.",{"path":668,"title":669,"description":670},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-to-evaluate-a-wallet-integration-provider","How to evaluate a wallet integration provider: 12-point checklist","A 12-point checklist for choosing a wallet or stablecoin payments provider: custody, chains, rails, pricing, compliance, SOC 2, SLAs, and AI tooling.",{"path":672,"title":673,"description":674},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fhow-to-fund-a-stablecoin-card","How to fund a stablecoin card: exchanges, wallet transfers, virtual accounts, and bank deposits","Four ways to fund a stablecoin card, compared by speed, cost, and control: exchange withdrawal, wallet transfer, virtual account deposit, and card top-up.",{"path":676,"title":677,"description":678},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fis-stripe-a-stablecoin-api","Is Stripe a stablecoin API? What a payout API, Stripe, and Bridge each do","Partly. Stripe offers stablecoin checkout and balances, and owns Bridge, a stablecoin infrastructure API. What each covers for cross-border payouts.",{"path":680,"title":681,"description":682},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fis-xrp-a-stablecoin","Is XRP a stablecoin? No, and here is the difference","XRP is not a stablecoin: its price floats freely with the market. Ripple's actual stablecoin is RLUSD. Here is how the two differ and why it matters.",{"path":684,"title":685,"description":686},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-api-pricing-explained","Stablecoin API pricing: mint fees, spread, and what you actually pay","The basis-point figure on a stablecoin provider's pricing page rarely matches the invoice, because mint fees, burn fees, spread, and issuer fees usually live below the line the marketing page shows.",{"path":688,"title":689,"description":690},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-api-vs-crypto-payment-gateway","Stablecoin API vs crypto payment gateway: what's the difference?","A crypto payment gateway accepts crypto at checkout. A stablecoin API moves money across borders through code, and neither side needs a wallet.",{"path":692,"title":693,"description":694},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-api-vs-traditional-cross-border-rails","Stablecoin API vs traditional cross-border rails: a plain-English guide for payments teams","A stablecoin API moves money across borders using dollar-pegged tokens like USDC instead of correspondent banks. How the flow works, what no pre-funding means, and a side-by-side table against SWIFT.",{"path":696,"title":697,"description":698},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-card-vs-crypto-debit-prepaid-credit","Stablecoin card vs. crypto debit card vs. prepaid vs. credit: which type of crypto card is which?","Four kinds of crypto card compared: funding source, when conversion happens, tax timing, volatility, fees to check, and who each one suits.",{"path":700,"title":701,"description":702},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-depeg-risk-payments","Stablecoin depeg risk for payment companies: what past depegs teach and how to set limits","A depeg hurts a payment flow only while you hold the stablecoin. What USDC's 2023 depeg and UST's collapse teach, and the limits and triggers to set.",{"path":417,"title":704,"description":705},"Stablecoin payment statistics 2026: volume, B2B share, and cross-border data","Sourced stablecoin payment statistics for 2026: real payment volume vs transfer volume, B2B share, domestic vs cross-border, top markets, and chains.",{"path":707,"title":708,"description":709},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-card-statistics-2026","State of stablecoin cards 2026: volume, programs, networks, and risks (data report)","Sourced stablecoin card statistics for 2026: Visa volume and programs, monthly onchain spend, average ticket, chain and token mix, and incidents.",{"path":711,"title":712,"description":713},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Ftypes-of-stablecoin-apis","Types of stablecoin APIs: issuer, wallet, orchestration, payout, and non-custodial APIs compared","The five types of stablecoin APIs, what each one does, and who holds the funds and the compliance work in each. Plus how they differ from exchange APIs.",{"path":715,"title":716,"description":717},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fusdc-vs-usdt-for-payments","USDC vs USDT for payments: which should businesses use?","USDC offers stronger reserve transparency and US regulatory posture; USDT offers deeper liquidity in emerging markets. Most payment flows should support both.",{"path":719,"title":720,"description":721},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fvirtual-account-fees","Virtual account fees: every cost between the payer's bank and the stablecoin wallet","Monthly, deposit, wire, SWIFT, conversion, and partner fees on a virtual account: who pays each one, and a worked 10,000 USD wire to USDC example.",{"path":604,"title":5,"description":582},{"path":724,"title":725,"description":726},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwallet-api-vs-embedded-wallet-sdk-vs-white-label","Wallet API vs embedded SDK vs white-label: which fits?","Compare the three wallet integration models on control, launch time, engineering effort, security, lock-in, and cost, with a five-question decision tree.",{"path":728,"title":729,"description":730},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Ftypes-of-crypto-off-ramps","What are the types of crypto off-ramps? Payment APIs, off-ramp wallets, exchanges, OTC desks, and wallet ramps compared","The five kinds of crypto off-ramp compared: who each serves, who holds funds, limits, trade-offs, consumer vs business, and why stablecoins win.",{"path":732,"title":733,"description":734},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-happens-on-chain-in-a-stablecoin-payment","What happens on-chain in a stablecoin payment? A step-by-step walkthrough","A stablecoin payment in five steps: bank deposit, conversion to USDC or USDT, on-chain delivery to a wallet, payout authorization, and local currency out.",{"path":736,"title":737,"description":738},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-usdc","What is USDC? The dollar-pegged stablecoin explained","USDC is a dollar-pegged stablecoin issued by Circle, backed 1:1 by cash and short-term Treasuries and redeemable for US dollars. How it works and where it's used.",{"path":740,"title":741,"description":742},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-a-stablecoin-api","What is a stablecoin API? Infrastructure explained","A stablecoin API lets businesses move money with stablecoins through code: wallets, conversion, local payout rails, and compliance behind one integration.",{"path":744,"title":745,"description":746},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-a-stablecoin-backed-card","What is a stablecoin-backed card? How spending USDC with a card works, in plain English","A stablecoin-backed card spends USDC or USDT wherever Visa or Mastercard works. The four parts behind it, who does what, and where the money comes from.",{"path":748,"title":749,"description":750},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-a-stablecoin","What is a stablecoin? Definition, types, and how they work","A stablecoin is a digital token designed to hold a fixed value, usually one US dollar. Learn how they stay stable, the main types, and what they are used for.",{"path":752,"title":753,"description":754},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-an-off-ramp-wallet","What is an off-ramp wallet? A deposit address that pays out to a bank account","An off-ramp wallet turns every USDC or USDT deposit into fiat paid to a linked bank account, with no quote or payout call. How it works, fees, minimums.",{"path":756,"title":757,"description":758},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-crypto-wallet-integration","What is crypto wallet integration? A developer's guide","Crypto wallet integration adds wallets, key custody, signing, and compliance to an app. The six components, three integration models, and cost drivers.",{"path":20,"title":760,"description":761},"What is stablecoin card issuing? How it works, who uses it, and how it differs from crypto debit cards","Stablecoin card issuing explained: how a USDC or USDT balance pays a card merchant in local currency, who runs each layer, and how it differs from a crypto debit card.",{"path":763,"title":764,"description":765},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fwhat-is-stablecoin-infrastructure","What is stablecoin infrastructure? The 8 layers of a stablecoin payments stack","Stablecoin infrastructure is the stack that issues, moves, converts, secures, and checks stablecoins. Here are its 8 layers and who provides each.",{"path":767,"title":768,"description":769},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fstablecoin-card-demand-by-country","Where stablecoin card demand is growing: the US, India, UAE, Vietnam, Pakistan, and beyond","Which countries ask AI about stablecoin cards most, why interest is rising in India, the UAE, Vietnam, and Pakistan, and where local payouts matter.",{"path":771,"title":772,"description":773},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fbest-network-to-off-ramp-stablecoins","Which network should you use to off-ramp stablecoins? Finality, fees, and confirmations by chain","How Ethereum, Polygon, Base, Arbitrum, Solana, Tron, Stellar, Tempo, and Arc compare for off-ramps: time to finality, fee model, and which tokens work.",{"path":775,"title":776,"description":777},"\u002Fresources\u002Fmore\u002Fbest-stablecoin-for-card-spending","Which stablecoin is best for card spending? USDC vs USDT vs euro stablecoins","Which stablecoins power crypto cards in 2026: USDC vs USDT vs euro stablecoins and synthetic dollars, compared on reserves, rules, chains, and support.",1791908484415]