Brazil's stablecoin rules for payout teams: Resolutions 519, 520, 521 and 561 explained

Since 2 February 2026, Brazil treats international payments and transfers using virtual assets, and buying or exchanging stablecoins, as foreign exchange operations. Providers need SPSAV authorization or a valid transitional filing. Payout teams should pick a provider that can show its status and explain its reporting and limits.

This is a dated reference as of 3 November 2026, for compliance and product teams paying Brazilian recipients. It supports our guide to the stablecoin payouts API. It is general information, not legal advice. Confirm every point with Brazilian counsel and the primary text.

Key takeaways

• The Central Bank of Brazil published Resolutions 519, 520 and 521 on 10 November 2025, and they took effect on 2 February 2026.
• Resolution 561, from 1 October 2026, bars eFX providers from settling with foreign counterparties in virtual assets, while individual international transfers using virtual assets remain permitted (CryptoSlate, 19 September 2026).
• Monthly reporting for FX-authorized institutions starts on 3 November 2026 under Resolution 574, due by the 5th of the following month (LatAm Rails, 3 November 2026).
• Resolution 591 has authorized institutions report transfers of 10,000 USD or more to or from a company-controlled wallet to COAF.
• Your best protection is a provider checklist, below.

What did Resolutions 519, 520 and 521 change?

They created Brazil's licensing regime for virtual asset service providers and brought stablecoin payments inside the foreign exchange framework. The Central Bank published them on 10 November 2025, and they took effect on 2 February 2026, under Law 14.478/2022.

Our PSAV explainer covers the licensing detail, including the transitional window in Article 88 of Resolution 520 for companies already operating. Resolution BCB 521 is the one that treats international payments and transfers with virtual assets as foreign exchange operations, as summarized in how LatAm companies pay US suppliers with stablecoins. It also defines a self-custodied wallet, which matters for the COAF rule below.

What is the timeline of Brazil's stablecoin rules?

The table lists what changed, when and where the claim comes from. Dates are those reported by the cited source.

The SPSAV limit also matters: Notabene, cited by LatAm Rails on 3 November 2026, says SPSAVs without full foreign exchange authorization face a 100,000 USD per-transaction limit.

What changed on 1 October 2026?

Resolution 561 targets the settlement leg between regulated foreign-exchange providers and their overseas counterparties. According to CryptoSlate on 19 September 2026, stablecoins and other virtual assets can no longer settle that leg, which must run through a licensed FX transaction or a qualifying non-resident real account. Aggregated eFX netting remains allowed, and individual international transfers using virtual assets remain permitted.

The same day, the COAF duty began. Resolution BCB 591 has authorized institutions report transfers of virtual assets worth 10,000 USD or more to or from a company-controlled wallet. Reports for transfers between 1 October and 31 December 2026 are due on the first business day of January 2027. Read Brazil's self-custody wallet rule for the mechanics.

What does monthly reporting from 3 November 2026 mean?

FX-authorized institutions must report virtual-asset operations every month, starting 3 November 2026 under Resolution 574. Reports are due by the 5th of the following month, so November's data is due on 5 December, according to LatAm Rails.

The duty sits with the institution, not with you. For a payout team, it changes what you should expect to provide: clean sender, recipient and purpose data for each payment, in a format your provider can pass on.

How do the rules affect a stablecoin payout to Brazil?

A payout is a foreign exchange operation, so it needs an authorized path, documentation and reporting. The flow itself, a quote, an execution and a Pix delivery, does not change, and our USDC to Pix guide walks through it.

1. Your platform requests a payout quote against a Brazilian bank account, with the sender, recipient and purpose data attached.
2. Your provider runs KYC, KYB and sanctions screening before it converts.
3. The provider converts and delivers reais over Pix, PIX Safe or TED.
4. The provider reports what its authorization requires.
5. You keep records of the purpose and the quote for your own audit trail.

For BlindPay, KYC, KYB, sanctions screening and travel rule checks are part of the payout and payin API. See how to send USDC to a bank account in Brazil and USDC to BRL routes in 2026 for the routes.

What questions should you ask your provider?

Use this checklist in diligence. A serious provider answers each one in writing.

On the last row, BlindPay's wording: BlindPay operates as a non-custodial payment processor for payout flows from customer-controlled wallets: you authorize the exact amount and BlindPay executes that single transaction. If a payout cannot be delivered after the stablecoins are collected, BlindPay refunds them to the quote's refund wallet, or to the sending wallet when none is set; on Pix and other non-USD local rails the refund is automatic, while USD payouts and payouts whose review times out are refunded after an operator review. Optional BlindPay-managed wallets (beta) are custodial when you choose that path.

What should you not assume?

Do not assume a rule applies to you the way a headline describes it. Resolution 561 addresses eFX providers, not individual transfers. Resolution 574 addresses institutions, not end customers. The 100,000 USD limit comes from Notabene via a newsletter and should be confirmed with your provider and the Central Bank text. We could not verify the content of Resolution 574 on a Central Bank page, so this post relies on LatAm Rails for it.

How should payout teams prepare for the next 90 days?

Use the dates above as a calendar. Before 5 December 2026, ask your provider how it will meet the first Resolution 574 report and which transaction data it needs from you. Before 1 January 2027, check whether any of your flows touch a company-controlled or self-custodied wallet, because the COAF reports for October to December 2026 fall due on the first business day of January 2027 and Resolution 584 adds a 24-hour precautionary hold on some large outgoing transfers.

Keep three records per payment: the quote, the stated purpose with its supporting document, and the final status from the payout webhooks. Those records answer most questions from a provider's compliance team, and they cost little to keep from day one.

Methodology and sources

External sources: Banco Central do Brasil, Resolution BCB 521, Resolution BCB 591, Resolution BCB 584, CryptoSlate, 19 September 2026 and LatAm Rails, 3 November 2026. BlindPay explainers: PSAV in Brazil, self-custody wallet rule, stablecoin regulation tracker. BlindPay docs: payouts and payout quotes. We refresh this page every 90 days.

What to do next

Send your provider the checklist above and compare written answers. Then talk to BlindPay about Brazil coverage, and request a live USDC to BRL quote at /usdc-to-brl. Contact BlindPay to start.

This article is general information, not legal advice.